Saint Elisée
Disciple et successeur d'Elie (9ème s. av. J.C.)
Fils de Shafath, prophète de l'ancienne Loi, disciple et successeur du ProphèteÉlie,il exerça son ministère dans le Royaume du Nord, revendiquant avec courage la fidélité au Dieu unique d'Israël, face aux cultes païens de Baal et d'Astarté qui se répandaient depuis la scission du Peuple de Dieu en un royaume de Juda et un royaume d'Israël.
'tu consacreras Élisée, fils de Shafate, comme prophète pour te succéder.'
19 'Élie s'en alla. Il trouva Élisée, fils de Shafate, en train de labourer. Il avait à labourer douze arpents, et il en était au douzième. Élie passa près de lui et jeta vers lui son manteau.'
20 'Alors Élisée quitta ses bœufs, courut derrière Élie, et lui dit: «Laisse-moi embrasser mon père et ma mère, puis je te suivrai.» Élie répondit: «Va-t'en, retourne là-bas! Je n'ai rien fait.»'
21 'Alors Élisée s'en retourna; mais il prit la paire de bœufs pour les immoler, les fit cuire avec le bois de l'attelage, et les donna à manger aux gens. Puis il se leva, partit à la suite d'Élie et se mit à son service.'
Jésus, en sa première prédication dans la synagogue de Nazareth, fait référence à la fois à Élie et à Élisée. Il rappelle la compassion d'Élie pour la veuve qui vivait à Sarepta et la guérison, par le ministère d'Élisée, de Naaman le Syrien: deux païens auxquels le Dieu d'Israël fait accueil et miséricorde (Luc 4. 25-30). (Frère Bernard Pineau, Jour du Seigneur)
A lire: Pour chanter le saint prophète Eliséedans la tradition byzantine par Éliane Poirot
Commémoraison de saint Élisée. Disciple d’Élie, il fut prophète en Israël au temps du roi Joram jusqu’aux jours de Joas, au IXe siècle avant le Christ. S’il n’a pas laissé d’oracles écrits, il a cependant annoncé le salut pour tous les hommes en accomplissant des miracles en faveur d’étrangers. Sa tombe était vénérée à Samarie.
Martyrologe romain
Guillaume Rouille, Le Prophète Elisée. Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum, 1553
Le Prophète Élie emporté au ciel sur un char de feu donne son vêtement à Élisée,
sculpture sur un sarcophage chrétien de la Rome antique (VIe siècle) à Milan
Elia rapito dal carro di fuoco lascia il mantello ad Eliseo; alla sua destra, Mosè e Noè; in basso, Adamoed Eva. Dettaglio dal lato rivolto all'abside del cosiddetto "Sarcofago di Stilicone", un sarcofagoromano paleocristiano del secolo IV. È conservato sotto il pérgamo della Basilica di Sant'Ambrogio a Milano. Foto di Giovanni Dall'Orto, 25-4-2007.
Elisha (Eliseus), Prophet (RM)
8th century BC. Saint Elisha received the mantle of prophecy from Elijah and continued the work of prophecy. His feast is observed liturgically in the Carmelite Order, and also generally in the East (Benedictines, Encyclopedia).
Eliseus
A Prophetof Israel. After learning, on Mount Horeb, that Eliseus, the son of Saphat, had been selected by God as his successorin the prophetic office, Elias set out to make known the Divine will. This he did by casting his mantle over the shoulders of Eliseus, whom he found "one of them that were ploughing with twelve yoke of oxen". Eliseus delayed only long enough to kill the yoke of oxen, whose flesh he boiled with the very wood of his plough. After he had shared this farewell repast with his father, mother, and friends, the newly chosen Prophet"followed Eliasand ministered to him". (1 Kings 19:8-21) He went with his master from Galgal to Bethel, to Jericho, and thence to the eastern side of the Jordan, the waters of which, touched by the mantle, divided, so as to permit both to pass over on dry ground. Eliseus then beheld Elias in a fiery chariot taken up by a whirlwind into heaven. By means of the mantle let fall from Elias, Eliseus miraculously recrossed the Jordan, and so won from the prophets at Jericho the recognition that "the spiritof Elias hath rested upon Eliseus". (2 Kings 2:1-15) He won the gratitude of the people of Jericho for healing with saltits barren ground and its waters. Eliseus also knew how to strike with salutaryfear the adorersof the calf in Bethel, for forty-two little boys, probably encouraged to mock the Prophet, on being cursed in the name of the Lord, were torn by "two bears out of the forest". (2 Kings 2:19-24) Before he settled in Samaria, the Prophetpassed some time on Mount Carmel(2 Kings 2:25). When the armies of Juda, and Israel, and Edom, then allied against Mesa, the Moabite king, were being tortured by drought in the Idumæandesert, Eliseus consentedto intervene. His double prediction regarding relief from drought and victory over the Moabites was fulfilled on the following morning. (2 Kings 3:4-24)
That Eliseus inherited the wonder-workingpower of Elias is shown throughout the whole course of his life. To relieve the widow importuned by a hard creditor, Eliseus so multiplied a little oil as to enable her, not only to pay her indebtedness, but to provide for her family needs (2 Kings 4:1-7). To reward the richlady of Sunam for her hospitality, he obtained for her from God, at first the birth of a son, and subsequently the resurrection of her child (2 Kings 4:8-37). To nourish the sons of the prophets pressed by famine, Eliseus changed into wholesome food the pottage made from poisonous gourds(2 Kings 4:38-41). By the cure of Naaman, who was afflicted with leprosy, Eliseus, little impressed by the possessions of the Syrian general, whilst willing to free King Joram from his perplexity, principally intended to show "that there is a prophet in Israel". Naaman, at first reluctant, obeyedthe Prophet, and washed seven times in the Jordan. Finding his flesh "restored like the flesh of a little child", the general was so impressed by this evidence of God's power, and by the disinterestedness of His Prophet, as to express his deep conviction that "there is no other God in all the earth, but only in Israel". (2 Kings 5:1-19) It is to this Christreferred when He said: "And there were many lepers in Israel in the time of Eliseus the prophet: and none of them was cleansed but Naaman the Syrian" (Luke 4:27). In punishing the avarice of his servant Giezi (2 Kings 5:20-27), in saving"not once nor twice" King Joram from the ambuscades planned by Benadad (2 Kings 6:8-23), in ordering the ancients to shut the door against the messenger of Israel's ungrateful king (2 Kings 6:25-32), in bewildering with a strange blindness the soldiers of the Syrianking (2 Kings 6:13-23), in making the iron swim to relieve from embarrassment a son of a prophet(2 Kings 6:1-7), in confidently predicting the sudden flight of the enemy and the consequent cessation of the famine (2 Kings 7:1-20), in unmaskingthe treachery of Hazael (2 Kings 8:7-15), Eliseus proved himself the Divinely appointed Prophet of the one true God, Whose knowledgeand power he was privilegedto share.
Mindful of the order given to Elias (1 Kings 19:16), Eliseus delegated a son of one of the prophets to quietly anointJehu King of Israel, and to commission him to cut off the house of Achab (2 Kings 9:1-10). The death of Joram, pierced by an arrow from Jehu's bow, the ignominious end of Jezabel, the slaughterof Achab's seventy sons, proved how faithfullyexecuted was the Divine command (2 Kings 9:11-10:30). After predicting to Joas his victory over the Syrians at Aphec, as well as three other subsequent victories, ever bold before kings, ever kindly towards the lowly, "Eliseus died, and they buried him" (2 Kings 13:14-20). The very touch of his corpse served to resuscitate a dead man(2 Kings 13:20-21). "In his life he did great wonders, and in death he wrought miracles" (Ecclus., xlviii, 15).
Sources
MANGENOT in VIG., Dict. de la Bible(Paris, 1898), s.v. Elisée; STRACHAN in HAST., Dict. of the Bible(New York, 1898); FARRAR, Books of Kings (London, 1894); MEIGNAN, Les Prophètes d'Israel (Paris, 1892).
Duffy, Daniel. "Eliseus."The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 14 Jun. 2017 <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05386c.htm>.
Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by WGKofron. With thanks to St. Mary's Church, Akron, Ohio.
Ecclesiastical approbation.Nihil Obstat. May 1, 1909. Remy Lafort, Censor. Imprimatur.+John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York.
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L'Ascension d'Élie, fresque byzantine
Prophet Elisha
The Holy Prophet Elisha lived in the ninth century before the Birth of Christ, and was a native of the village of Abelmaum, near Jordan. By the command of the Lord he was called to prophetic service by the holy Prophet Elias (July 20).
When it became time for the Prophet Elias to be taken up to Heaven, he said to Elisha, “Ask what shall I do for you, before I am taken from you.” Elisha boldly asked for a double portion of the grace of God: “Let there be a double portion of your spirit upon me.” The Prophet Elias said, “You have asked a hard thing; if you see me when I am taken from you, then so shall it be for you; but if you don’t see me, it wilt not be” (4 [2] Kings 2: 12). As they went along the way talking, there appeared a fiery chariot and horses and separated them both. Elisha cried out, “My father, my father, the chariot of Israel and its horse!” (4 Kings 2: 12). Picking up the mantle of his teacher which fell from the sky, Elisha received the power and prophetic gift of Elias. He spent more than 65 years in prophetic service, under six Israelite kings (from Ahab to Joash). While Elisha lived, he did not tremble before any prince, and no word could overcome him (Sirach 48: 13 [“Sirach” is called “Ecclesiasticus” in Catholic Bibles ]).
The holy prophet worked numerous miracles. He divided the waters of the Jordan, having struck it with the mantle of the Prophet Elias; he made the waters of a Jericho spring fit for drinking; he saved the armies of the kings of Israel and Judah that stood in an arid wilderness by bringing forth abundant water by his prayer; he delivered a poor widow from death by starvation through a miraculous increase of oil in a vessel. The Shunamite woman showing hospitality to the prophet was gladdened by the birth of a son through his prayer, and when the child died, he was raised back to life by the prophet. The Syrian military-commander Namaan was healed from leprosy but the prophet’s servant Gehazi was afflicted since he disobeyed the prophet and took money from Namaan on the sly.
Elisha predicted to the Israelite king Joash the victory over his enemies, and by the power of his prayer he worked many other miracles (4 Kings 3-13). The holy Prophet Elisha died in old age at Samaria. “In his life he worked miracles, and at death his works were marvellous” (Sir. 48: 15). A year after his death, a corpse was thrown into the prophet’s grave. As soon as the dead man touched Elisha’s bones, he came to life and stood up (4 Kings 13: 20-21). The Prophet Elisha and his teacher, the Prophet Elias, left no books behind them, since their prophetic preaching was oral. Jesus, son of Sirach, praised both great prophets (Sir. 48:1-15).
John of Damascus composed a canon in honor of the Prophet Elisha, and at Constantinople a church was built in his honor.
Julian the Apostate (361-363) gave orders to burn the relics of the Prophet Elisha, Abdia (Obadiah) and John the Forerunner, but the holy relics were preserved by believers, and part of them were transferred to Alexandria.
In the twentieth century, the humble priest Nicholas Planas had a great veneration for the Prophet Elisha, and was accounted worthy to see him in visions.
m. 790 a.C.
Ricco possidente, originario di Abelmeula, il suo nome che significa «Dio salva» risponde bene alla missione svolta tra il popolo di Israele, sotto il regno di Ioram (853-842 a.c.), Iehu (842-815 a.c.), Ioacaz (814-798 a.c.) e Ioash (798-783). Eliseo era un uomo deciso e lo dimostra la prontezza con cui rispose al gesto simbolico di Elia che, per ordine di Jahvé, lo consacrava profeta e suo successore. Eliseo prese parte attiva alle vicende politiche del suo popolo attraverso il carisma della sua profezia e può essere considerato il più taumaturgico dei profeti dell'Antico Testamento. La Scrittura ricorda infatti una lunga serie di prodigi da lui operati: stendendo il mantello di Elia divise le acque del Giordano; rese potabile l'acqua di Gerico; riportò in vita il figlio della sunamita che lo ospitava; moltiplicò i pani sfamando un centinaio di persone. Profeta non scrittore, come il suo maestro Elia si preoccupò del suo paese in tempi difficili durante la guerra contro i Moabiti e durante quelle contro gli Aramei. Morì verso il 790 a.C. e venne sepolto nei pressi di Samaria, dove ai tempi di San Girolamo esisteva ancora il suo sepolcro. (Avvenire)
Etimologia: Eliseo = Dio è la mia salvezza (o salute), dall'ebraico
Martirologio Romano: A Samaria o Sebaste in Palestina, commemorazione di sant’Eliseo, che, discepolo di Elia, fu profeta in Israele dal tempo del re Ioram fino ai giorni di Ioas; anche se non lasciò oracoli scritti, tuttavia, operando prodigi a vantaggio degli stranieri, preannunciò la futura salvezza per tutti gli uomini.
Il continuatore dell'opera di Elia era un ricco possidente, originario di Abelmeula. Il suo nome, Eliseo ("Dio salva"), risponde bene alla natura della missione svolta tra il popolo di Israele, sotto il regno di Ioram (853 a.C.-842), Iehu (842-815), Ioacaz (814-798) e Ioash (798-783). Eliseo era un uomo deciso e lo dimostra la prontezza con cui rispose al gesto simbolico di Elia che, per ordine di Jahvè, lo consacrava profeta e suo successore.
"Elia andò in cerca di Eliseo - si legge al cap. 19 del I libro dei Re - e lo trovò che stava arando: aveva davanti a sè dodici paia di buoi; egli arava col dodicesimo paio. Giunto a lui, Elia gli gettò addosso il proprio mantello. Allora Eliseo, abbandonati i buoi, corse dietro a Elia e gli disse: Permettimi di passare a baciare mio padre e mia madre, poi ti seguirò. Elia gli disse: Va' e torna presto, poiché tu sai ciò che ti ho comunicato. Eliseo, allontanatosi, prese un paio di buoi e li immolò, quindi col legno dell'aratro e degli strumenti da tiro dei buoi ne fece cuocere le carni e le dette da mangiare ai suoi compagni di lavoro. Poi partì e seguì Elia, mettendosi al suo servizio".
Il ricco agricoltore, con quel gesto significativo, voleva dire al suo maestro che ormai era disposto a rinunciare a tutto per rispondere in pieno alla vocazione profetica. E con altrettanta prontezza eseguì gli ordini del maestro fino al momento del misterioso commiato, oltre il Giordano, quando Elia scomparve dentro un turbine di fuoco. Elia gli aveva chiesto: "Che cosa vuoi, prima che io parta dalla terra?". La richiesta di Eliseo non fu di poco conto: "io chiedo che abiti in me uno spirito doppio del tuo". Gli era stato fedele discepolo per sei anni, ora gli avanzava la sua richiesta di eredità, non in beni materiali, ma in virtù carismatica. La domanda di Eliseo venne esaudita.
Egli è, infatti, il più taumaturgico dei profeti. La Bibbia ricorda una lunga serie di prodigi da lui operati: stendendo il mantello di Elia divise le acque del Giordano; con una manciata di sale rese potabile l'acqua di Gerico; rese inesauribile l'olio d'oliva di una vedova; risuscitò il figlio della sunamita che lo ospitava; moltiplicò i pani sfamando un centinaio di persone; guarì dalla lebbra Naaman, generale del re di Damasco. Operò miracoli anche dopo la morte: un morto, gettato frettolosamente sulla tomba del profeta da un becchino impaurito dall'arrivo di alcuni predoni "risuscitò, si alzò in piedi e se ne andò". Il profeta Eliseo morì verso il 790 a.C., e venne sepolto nei pressi di Samaria, dove ai tempi di S. Girolamo esisteva ancora il suo sepolcro.
Autore: Piero Bargellini